Ground to air signal strips in WW1?

09 Feb 2022 11:01 #1 by Peter Kirk
Ground to air signal strips in WW1? was created by Peter Kirk
I have copies of the WW2 signal codes that were formed on the ground by using strips of white cloth staked out to form a letter or a symbol to message pilots, usually Army Co-operation aircraft. There are pages of the different signals and their meaning. Was there a similar thing in the First World War? If there was what were the strip sizes and what were the codes?

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09 Feb 2022 13:33 #2 by Ossington_2008
Replied by Ossington_2008 on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
I've got a TNA file on this. Somewhere. ISTR that the bombing range arrow can from a list of directions to aid aircraft to pursue Zeppelins. I'll start digging.

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09 Feb 2022 15:06 #3 by Ossington_2008
Replied by Ossington_2008 on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
I have this from AIR1/1816/204/178/6 it includes a booklet entitled "Ground Signals for use between aircraft and Aerodromes"

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09 Feb 2022 15:28 #4 by Peter Kirk
Replied by Peter Kirk on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
Many thanks. I hadn't come across the arrow in connection to WW1 practice bombing but the letter 'K' was used to signal that is was okay to bomb. The direction arrow for landing direction seems obvious. I wonder why it stopped being used for that purpose?

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07 Dec 2022 15:37 #5 by MichaelMeech
Replied by MichaelMeech on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
Hi
I have only just come across this request for information and have joined to try and answer it to some extent.  Reference WW1 there were a whole series of 'ground to air' signal strips, sheets and panels used by different arms and in different theatres of operation on the British side.  For example on the Western Front  Artillery, Infantry, Cavalry and Tanks all had their own manuals with the signal strips they would use when contacting aircraft.  Also there were identifying panels to indicate the command level of the formation plus actual signalling panels to send messages including from 1916 (start of Somme battles) a 'Shutter Panel' to send messages in Morse code, replaced during 1918 by the Popham 'T' Panel (non-Morse system) alongside these generally there would  a series of  ID letters made out of strips.  During the later inter-war period the Popham Panel was replaced by a different type of 'T' panel which was still in use at the start of WW2.  There were also ground signals used for air defence purposes both at home and at the fronts, the 'Ingram Panel' (mentioned in another post) is probably the most famous for home use (a similar signal system was also used at AA Look Out Posts [LOPs] to identify their location to aircraft in Mesopotamia).  Directional arrows were also used at home and abroad, for example at Compass Stations (and AA) on the Western Front  where a June 1917 document describes it as a "White circle 17 yards in diameter with a white arrow 17 yards long and 3 feet. 6 inches wide, with white strips 10 yards long and 3 ft 6 ins wide to indicate height of enemy machine (each strip indicating 2000 feet)". There were variations on this theme and with the signals as they developed during the war and in the various theatres.  Ground signal strips etc. may also be used in conjunction with wireless, lamp and pyrotechnic signalling (this also happened during WW2).
I have written some articles that have been published in Cross & Cockade International, that includes some information on the use of the signals, and at present I am working on a series of articles on various signal systems used during WW1.
In summary the ground strip signals used will depend on the type of formation using them, their purpose and the theatre they were in, although there are always similarities and overlaps.
I hope that helps.

Mike
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07 Dec 2022 15:56 #6 by Peter Kirk
Replied by Peter Kirk on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
When I saw the title I thought it would be for bombing and gunnery ranges as per the post WW1 era onwards, as subject I have found very little on. 

However, I did look at the interwar signals used and as you say they were dependent on the circumstances of use. There were an awful lot of signals and I did wonder if they were based on a pre-existing army system before powered flight. I'm pretty sure I've seen a ground signal arrow in the IWM WW1 collection but I don't recall it's meaning in the photo. 

Did the RFC do puff practice with the artillery in WW1 as I wondered if some of the strange markings on the Larkhill ranges on the Google Earth 1945 were related to this as well? 

An interesting subject  and I suspect not used much in the modern army unless there are for backup procedures. In WW2 ground to air signals used on ranges (my only reference) declined as VHF radios became more common and finally only the direction arrow pointing to the target remained, largely as it is today.

I wonder if anyone ever knew all the relevant panel signals in WW!?
 

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07 Dec 2022 17:51 #7 by MichaelMeech
Replied by MichaelMeech on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
Hi
Is the source you have used AP 1632 'RAF Signal Manual Part V, Ground Signal Code'?
A few examples of use during WW1:
 

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Mike

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07 Dec 2022 18:03 #8 by MichaelMeech
Replied by MichaelMeech on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
Hi
Is your source AP 1632 'RAF Signal Manual Part V, Ground Signal Code'?
Yes 'Puff practice' was used I believe.
A few examples of the use of strips during WW1:
 
 
 

Mike
 

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07 Dec 2022 18:50 #9 by mbriscoe
Replied by mbriscoe on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
The RAF Flight Information Handbook has a page of illustrations of  "International Ground / Air Visual Codes"

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07 Dec 2022 19:54 #10 by Peter Kirk
Replied by Peter Kirk on topic Ground to air signal strips in WW1?
Yes, my source was AP 1632 (TNA AIR 10/2201) and I forgot the correct term for puff practice which is puff shoots. I think that is where the arrow was used in the IWM photo, and may be what was on the ground at Larkhill. 

Camera obscura practice also used ground to air signals (AP 1216 dated May 1926) and, again, I wonder if this was the same as in WW1 for camera obscura practice bombing and perhaps Batchelor Mirror practice as well?

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